The Theory Of Criminal Behavior Essay - 2360 Words

Throughout history a lot of experts have tried to understand why some people feel the need to commit crimes, even though there have been harsh laws enforced for those who commit crimes. These people have come up with theories as to why people commit crimes to understand these theories, we must understand what a crime is and understand the definition of theories. Crime is a human conduct that violates the laws of a state or the federal government. There are different ways people view criminal behaviors either through the view of the social problem perspective which blames the society and the social responsibility which blames the person who committed the crime. Through these two perspectives we get the idea of theories. A theory is a comprehensive explanation about certain experiences which are based on facts that have been gathered overtime. These theories explain the mental reason people are more pushed to commit crimes. Theories like Robert Agnews’ General Strain Theory has given us an explanation as to phenomena criminal behavior. In 1992 strain theory was reformulated by Robert Agnew and called the general strain theory. Agnew felt as though that strain theory was not fully explaining the main reason people are pushed to commit crimes, so he came up with a theory he felt was a better explanation and a reason as to why crimes were committed. The concept of general strain theory comes from the idea that people commit crimes to use it as a means of copping with theShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior955 Words   |  4 PagesThe theory I believe that explains criminal behavior and delinquency the best would be the Differential Reinforcement Theory, reviewed by Robert Burgess and Ronald Akers after it was criticized by C.R. Jeffery. Burgess and Akers argued against Sutherland’s work by using what he had used already and adding operant conditioning and modeling/condition in order to explain criminal behavior more clearly. They offered seven propositions to summarize the Differential Reinforcement Theory, which was a justificationRead MoreThe Theories Of Criminal Behavior893 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal behavior can be defined as any type of disruptive behavior or antisocial behavior that violates a law and is punishable by society. The three main causes of criminal behavior are psychological impacts, soc iological influences, and biological factors. Although there are many more factors that can trigger criminal behaviors, they can all be summed up into the never-ending question, nature versus nature? The psychological approach to criminal behavior is categorized into the nurture sideRead MoreTheory of Criminal Behavior2402 Words   |  10 PagesRunning head: Theories of Criminal Behavior Theories of Criminal Behavior Theories of Criminal Behavior The beginning of civilization dawned a new era in which man came together to live amongst one another in relative peace and prosperity. The advent of civilization however also brought about people who choose to live a life outside of societal norms and law, norms and thus was the creation of the criminal. All civilizations tried to suppress and discourage crime by using aRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1333 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal behavior has been a difficult term to define over the years due to the many variables that must be taken into account in order to present an accurate definition. However, the definition provided by Bartol is as follows, â€Å"Behavior in violation of the criminal code that is intentional and without justification or excuse† (Bartol, 2014). A vital variable that is represented in criminal behavior is crime. The fundamental purpose of theory is to explain things that can be observed. When discussingRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Beha vior1412 Words   |  6 Pagesof social process theories that are rooted in their notion that criminal behavior is learned by a social context. There has been a learning perspective that assumed that there are law- breaking values, norms, and etc. The section goes on to explain the theories envision that a criminal’s behavior is a product of the same learning process of noncriminal behavior. Crime is known for being constructed as a normal behavior rather than pathological. The task of this learning theory is to detail theRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1608 Words   |  7 Pagescauses of his criminal behaviour through the three different criminological schools of thought: classical, positivist, and sociological. There are a number of concepts of crime including human nature, the society, social contract, the law, and punishment. The central concepts of the classical school of thought is that people are egotistical, rational, motivated by pain and pleasure, people choose their behaviour, and behaviour can be modified by fear of punishment. The classical theory focuses onRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1191 Words   |  5 Pagesreason being is criminal behaviour sometimes can t be defined. Law in our society is defined by social and legal intuitions, not in biology. What is criminal in one country may not be in another so how can one gene deformation cause one to become a criminal ? So, as these studies have found, there appears to be some genetic traits that can influence criminal behaviour such as a person’s gender or mental illness. But this doesn t mean there is an evil gene which all criminals inherit, socialRead MoreBiological Theories Of Criminal Behavior844 Words à ‚  |  4 PagesBiological Theories are vastly growing with fascinating research. The main stump is concretely linking it to criminal behavior, because some theories are more relatable than others. Theories involving temperament and hormones give real life biological explanations, while others like extrovert and introvert behaviors, and neuroticism explain a weaker link to crime. However, all theories are valuable in exploring the root of crime. Temperament can be described as the natural mood disposition determinedRead MoreThe Psychological Theories Of Criminal Behavior883 Words   |  4 PagesPsychological Theories The psychological theories of criminal behavior focus on the lack of socialization, incomplete cognitive development, and bad childhood experiences. Those who study psychological theories believe that failures in cognitive development can be a major factor in malfunctioning behavior. These criminals have difficulty controlling anger and containing violence, which causes them to lash out. The results of these episodes are murder, rape, robbery, assault, and battery. Many moreRead MoreEssay on Theory of Criminal Behavior1000 Words   |  4 Pages1.0 Introduction Crime depicts any act or omission that is prohibited by the public law. On the same note, behavior is a function which has measurable differences in psychological characteristics among individuals (Brennan-Galvin, 2002). Such characteristics may be influenced by constitutional, personality attributes, and neurophysiologic or genetics factors. Likewise, criminal behavior is the commission of acts which in their situational and social settings are considered crimes due to the fact

Body Image in Children and Adolescents Essay - 3358 Words

Body Image in Children and Adolescents What is body image? A two-dimensional model of body image incorporates both perceptual and emotional components. It focuses on both how we feel about the size and shape of our bodies and how accurately we perceive our body size as well. A more recent cognitive approach suggests that body image is a complex set of cognitive schema. A schema is a grouped body of knowledge. Groups of schema are readily available for important tasks such as guiding behavior, circumstantial scripts (or dialogue), and evoking the appropriate emotional, somatic, visual, and auditory responses in certain situations. The cognitive schema for body image is an organized domain of knowledge about oneself and others.†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, studies show that many young children have already internalized negative body images of themselves. Body image is studied widely in the fields of psychology and psychiatry because of the correlation between body image distortions and eating disorders or se lf-esteem issues. My literature review paper includes several very recent studies that address the cognitive and behavioral components of body image and dieting in young children and adolescents. I discuss what is known and what is still not understood about body image in children around the world today. I give examples of holistic programs developed for school and community involvement in body image awareness. I attempt to show the complexities of the issues about body image and conclude with (what I feel might be) the most effective method (to date) for incorporating healthy body image awareness into the community and instilling realistic goals within each individual child. The Research Research with preadolescent children reports mixed findings about at what age body image becomes a real issue for them. Body-image dissatisfaction was believed to be associated with the onset of puberty. Current literature suggests that the development of body image dissatisfaction occurs as much as 3 to 4 years prior to the onset of puberty. A study by Rolland, Farnhill, and Griffiths (1997) showed that children as young as 8 years of age report high levels of body dissatisfaction and negativeShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Obesity On Adolescents : Childhood Obesity1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Obesity on Adolescents Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in the 21st century. According to PMC, the US Library of National Health and Medicine and National Institutes of Health, over 42 million children under the age of five are obese worldwide in 2010, and that number continues to ascend at an alarming rate. Obesity occurs when the body stores an excess amount of fat that is not necessary for the person’s survival. Some scientists have argued thatRead MoreMapping the Issue: Eating Disorders Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pageswith their weight. In the past fifty years the number of adolescent girls developing eating disorders increased just as television, advertisements, and magazines were becoming a social norm that was easily and often available. Today, more than ever, adolescents are worrying about weight, shape, size and body image and. It does not help that these children are growing up in a world filled with media material emphasizing dangerously skinny bodies as beautiful and perfect. Anne Morris and Debra KatzmanRead MoreSelf Esteem And Body Image1263 Words   |  6 Pages Self-Esteem Body Image â€Å"When you accept yourself the whole world accepts you.†Self-esteem is used to describe a person s sense of self-worth. Self-esteem can involve different of beliefs about themselves, such as belittling their own beliefs, appearance and behaviors. Body image is your own attitude towards your body. It’s how you see yourself, how you think and feel about the way you look. Self-esteem and body image can also be influenced by age, your own beliefsRead MoreLong Term Effects of Sexualizing Adolescents in Beauty Pageant777 Words   |  4 Pagesbeauty pageants may seem like harmless fun, but the actual effects it has on adolescents is not worth the public adoration. Some people believe that pageants do not have long lasting effects on them, and that, for children, pageants just give them the opportunity to play dress up. Even though children may not be affected immediately, the values that pageants instill are buried in their subconscious. By judging children at such youn g ages based solely off outward appearance, they grow up with a distortedRead MoreStudies of Social Media and its Effects on Adolescent’s Body Image 1166 Words   |  5 PagesIn the mindset of adolescents, these medias help to create unrealistic ideas of who they are and who they should be. As if going through puberty isn’t difficult enough, teenagers are raised to face these phony thoughts everyday. One of the top problems that boys and girls experience is the way they view their body; commonly referred to as â€Å"body image.† Our media-saturated world provides many teens with low self-esteem, eating disorders, and overall dissatisfaction with one’s body. With the help ofRead More The Media Causes Eating Disorders Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence on what a woman’s body should look like. Every print and television advertisement suggests that the ideal body is extremely thin. However, most women cannot achieve having a super-thin body tha t the media favors. The resulting failure leads to negative feelings about one’s self and can begin a downward spiral toward an eating disorder (National Eating Disorders Association). A particularly disturbing fact is that research has demonstrated that children as young as five years ofRead MoreChildhood Obesity : One Of The Most Serious Public Health Problem981 Words   |  4 PagesLibrary of National Health and Medicine and National Institutes of Health, over 42 million children under the age of five are obese worldwide in 2010, and that number continues to ascend at an alarming rate. Obesity occurs the body stores an excess amount of fat, and is more than what the person needs to survive. Some scientists have argued that males are considered obese when they are 25 percent over their ideal body weight, meanwhile, females are thirty percent. Regardless of these scientific calculationsRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesdisadvantages, particularly for the youth. While most adults are not able to let social media consume a large portion of their time, adolescents frequently become consumed in social me dia. That being said, almost every adolescent uses some form of social media or social networking including Snapchat, Instagram, Twitter, Facetime, texting, etc. While some adolescents are encouraged to join social sites by family and peers to make new friends or form new connections, this encouragement may eventuallyRead MoreAdolescent Self Esteem Essay1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe study by Steese et al. (2006) included 63 adolescent girls with a mean age of 13. The program met for ten weeks. Each session featured a different topic, such as relationships and friendship. Results of the study indicate that self-esteem measures between testing were not significant, but several related concepts proved to be. Self-efficacy attitudes did significantly improve after treatment and can be linked to positive self-esteem. An explanation for their results is the possibility that theRead MoreMedia Impact On Body Image1254 Words   |  6 Pagesmodels on children’s and adolescentsâ€℠¢ body image? Over recent times, the media has become a prominent part in the upbringing of young people. In particular the manner by which the media portrays body image has changed in numerous ways. Body image is defined as â€Å"a person’s perceptions, thoughts, and feelings about his or her body† by Grogan (as cited in Zaccagni, Masotti, Donati Gualdi-Russo, 2014). There is a stronger focus of what is considered to be the perfect body type and many argue that

Love Song Of J Alfred Prufrock Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Love, Lust or Lackluster Lifestyle? The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock demonstrates the effects of societal and economicpressure in the life of a Victorian adult male. T.S. Eliot shows us, in an dry soliloquy, how thereality of age and societal place paralyzes his character with fright. The verse form opens with six linesfrom Dante s Infernio. This peculiar stanza explains that the talker is in snake pit and the messagecan merely be told to person else in snake pit. The talker tells us that it is All right for the hearer to hearthe message, since in order to hear you must already be in snake pit and no one of all time returns from there.So the message will neer go forth. I believe Eliot utilizations this message to deduce that merely a reader whounderstands the solitariness and despair of Prufrock can truly understand the verse form. However, in my research, I have found as many different readings of the verse form as I have foundreaders. Most agree ; nevertheless, that Prufrock is talking to the reader when he says you andI ( Line 1 ) . Many readers besides agree that Prufrock is a alone adult male, but what type of company hedesires seems to change greatly. Interpretations include sex, societal company, long term love, andeven decease. I believe Prufrock yearns for the sense of belonging, both with a female and with hissociety. He struggles with issues of sex, age and societal alteration. The get downing lines of the verse form ( 1-25 ) pigment for a really descriptive image of the streetwhere Prufrock is walking. It besides alerts the reader of Prufrock s antipathy for this country and thissociety. He describes it as rich person deserted, mumbling. one-night inexpensive hotels and sawdustrestaurants. ( 5-7 ) He contrasts that with his finish of a room where adult females come andgo/Talking of Michelangelo ( 1 3 A ; 14 ) . Prufrock doesn t give the reader much penetration into histhoughts until line 26. From this line frontward, we get a glance of what it must be like to bePrufrock. He tells us There will be clip, there will be time/ To fix a face to run into the facesthat you meet ( 27-28 ) , bespeaking repression. He must fix himself mentally to be able toput on the right societal image before he makes his visit ( 12 ) . The remainder of the verse form simplyreinforces his battle between the manner he would wish to be and the world of his life. He begins toponder the overpowering inquiry ( 11 ) of whether or non he could hold a romantic interludewith one of the ladies he is gong to see, but the socially acceptable and somewhat neurotic side ofhim emerges and he rapidly switches his ideas to his thinning hair. I believe he is seeking togather the bravery to near one of these ladies ( 42-43 amp ; 45-46 ) but looses the bravery asquickly as it came to him. He so laments about his indecis iveness and deficiency of bravery, in a minutethere is time/ For determination and alterations with a minute will change by reversal. The subject of Prufrock sfickle ideas run throughout the verse form, as illustrated in his assurance about his outfit and gustatory sensation, so merely the following line he his dorsum to the insecurity about his age But how his weaponries and legs arethin. ( 45 ) Prufrock goes on to state the reader of his experience I have known them all # 8211 ; /Haveknown the eventides, forenoons, afternoons, ( 50 ) depicting the phases of his life from his youththrough his immature maturity to his present province, as a in-between aged adult male. He feels the age andeventual decease of non merely himself but of the society he is a portion of. He hears voicesdying # 8230 ; ..Beneath the music from a farther room ( 52-53 ) , and realizes that he is at the terminal of histime. I think he realizes that he is non a member of the modern society, nor am I sure he wa nts tobe. But he does experience that he is watched like a specimen formulated, sprawling on a pin ( 57 ) . Butunlike a bug in a bug aggregation, he is still alive and anguished wriggling on the wall ( 58 ) . He realizes that his imposts are a portion of the past, but he is unable to see the way to move on. Hethinks perhaps he should spit out the butt-ends of my days and ways (60) but realizes hewouldn t know how to resume life in the new world And how should I presume? (61). 2. Prufrock goes back to his own way of thought and begins to remember the women in theparlor and his mind begins to wonder to more physical elements of their company and he soonbegins to muster up courage again. His confidence becomes evident And how should I begin?/Shall I say, I have gone at dusk through narrow streets/ And watched the smoke that rises fromthe pipes/ Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves, leaning out of windows/†¦ (69-72). This stanza hasalmost a superior ring to it. As though Prufrock realizes he is socially superior to the men in thewindows. He is careful to point out that they are smoking but not wearing their jackets. They arespending their evening leaning out of windows (72) overlooking narrow streets (70). A man ofPrufrock s stature would not do such distasteful things and would therefore be worthy of thesewomen s company. He carefully contrasts the women in the parlor whose arms braceleted, whiteand bare (63) lie along a table, or wrap a shawl (67) with the informal and guttural image ofthese men in town. J. Alfred takes seven lines to carefully draw us a picture of a formal evening inthis parlor, and only three to describe that which is distasteful to him. But knowing he will not beact on his feelings he decides he would be better off as a pair of ragged claws/ Scuttling acrossthe floors of silent seas. (71-72) Lines 75-86 tell of the sleep that both he and his culture are in. The cultures ignorance ofit s own impending death and his inaction regarding his desire for passion. He says he has seenthe moment of my greatness flicker (84) which his own admission of his mortality. And as helooks back he realizes that he is lonely. Prufrock says it would have been worth it, after all (88)worth the formality of his life he could simply have the company of one of these women. Perhaps,even worth the gossip that would have occurred(89) if he could simply feel the passion of a youngman again. He hopes passion will bring him back to life(94-95). I believe his desire is much morethan sexual. Prufrock wants one of these women of intellect who will challenge him. He wants toescape his own thoughts and have stimulating conversation. He wants a woman who will say thatis not what I meant at all. (110) 3. Then back to the stately old Prufrock, who submits he will not even be able to be like Hamlet , instead he will only be a pathetic advisor. He tells us he is so indecisive and so unableto make a commitment to action that he cannot even rise to the occasion of the person mostknown for his inaction. He basically tells us he is lower than low. He is intelligent, well spoken,and educated(116-117) but so much a coward that he is almost ridiculous–/ Almost, at times,the Fool. (118-119) Although many of the comments and interpretatio ns of The Love Song of J. AlfredPrufrock that I have read seem to believe that the last 4 stanzas are a sign that he may break outof his shell. I believe it is the surrender of all hope and the recognition of the inconceivability ofhis desires. I think lines 120-130 are Prufrock s way of telling us of the dream of youth that hewill leave behind. He will not wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled (121) nor wear flanneltrousers, and walk upon the beach. These are the customs and actions of young passionate men.Men whose physical appearance and less stuffy lifestyle will attract the mermaids (124). Heconcedes I do not think that they will sing to me. (125) Prufrock leaves us with the thought ofhow life and society can force us from our dreams and sink us with reality. We have lingered inthe chambers of the sea/ By sea-girls wreathed with seeweed red and brown/ Till human voiceswake us, and we drown. (129-131)

Marketing Simulation free essay sample

The rest of the sales force time would be equally divided between the segments B, C and D. Change in Strategy: During simulation, we studied the effects of percentage increase of sales force time for each market segment individually along with decrease in list price. As we proceeded with the simulation, we found that * A decrease in list price and an increase in percentage sales force time for segment D would be more fruitful in the short run as it will increase the overall sales volume and overall profit much more than in the case where sales force concentrates more on segment A. This is because the overall market share of highly price sensitive customers in segment D and â€Å"small volume customers† is almost three times of segment A’s market share. * So, even though the profit margin in segment D and â€Å"small volume customers† is lesser than that for segment A, the overall profit was greater because of the scope of much higher sales volume. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Simulation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * Hence, we decided to increase the sales force percentage time for segment D to 40% and for segment A to 30%. We decreased the sales force time percentage for segments B and C to 15% each. Also, we reduced the list price from $142 to $136. Challenges during simulation: During simulation, the primary challenge we faced was to decide on the key parameters that should be changed and the level of change in each of these parameters to get optimum profit and higher market share. Key decisions: Since our initial strategy was to increase the sales volume of segment A, we decided to concentrate on sales force time percentage parameter for each segment and the list price of the motors. We studied the effects of percentage increase of sales force time for each market segment individually along with decrease in list price on the overall profit of the company. Solution Analysis Decrease in list price from $142 to $136 and increase in sales force time percentage to 40% for segment D and to 30% for segment A. As we proceeded with the simulation, we found that * A decrease in list price and an increase in percentage sales force time for segment D would be more fruitful in the short run as it will increase the overall sales volume and overall profit much more than in the case where sales force concentrates more on segment A. This is because the overall market share of highly price sensitive customers in segment D and â€Å"small volume customers† is almost three times of segment A’s market share. * So, even though the profit margin in segment D and â€Å"small volume customers† is lesser than that for segment A, the overall profit was greater because of the scope of much higher sales volume. * Segments B and C sales force time was reduced because of the high competition that MM faces in these categories on the basis of the rmal resistance parameter. Hence, in the long run, MM can target for higher profit margins than for higher sales volume if it concentrates the sales and market research resources to segments A, B and C. The main challenge with this approach is that it would difficult to attract customers from these segments who are already loyal to competitors and would require much more effort from the sales team and the product development team to come up with a product that caters the needs of these segments especially segments B and C where MM has yet to prove its overall competitiveness. Learning and experience This simulation exercise helped us to validate whether our suggested solution was an optimal one and also helped us to arrive at new solutions through experimentation which finally led to change in our overall decisions and strategy. It also showed us how varying a single parameter can change the overall market share and overall profits of the company. Finally, it reinforced the theory behind segmentation of customers according to their buying behavior to achieve optimal marketing strategies.